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TOPIC 3: ACIDS, BASES, AND SALTS | CHEMISTRY FORM 3 TOPIC 3: ACIDS, BASES, AND SALTS | CHEMISTRY FORM 3 Acids and Bases The Natural Sources of Acids and Bases Investigate the natural sources of acids and bases In everyday life, we deal with many substances that chemists classify as acids. For example, orange juice … Read more
TOPIC 2: HARDNESS OF WATER | CHEMISTRY FORM 3 TOPIC 2: HARDNESS OF WATER | CHEMISTRY FORM 3 The Concept of Hardness of Water The Concept of Hardness of Water Explain the concept of hardness of water As water flows over the land, it dissolves many mineral substances. The dissolved minerals are deposited together with … Read more
TOPIC 1: CHEMICAL EQUATIONS | CHEMISTRY FORM 3 A chemical equation is a repres TOPIC 1: CHEMICAL EQUATIONS | CHEMISTRY FORM 3 entation of a chemical reaction with the help of symbols and formulae of the substances involved in the reaction. It is a chemical shorthand for representing the reacting substance or substances combining (the … Read more
TOPIC 7: FORMULA BONDING AND NOMENCLATURE | CHEMISTRY FORM 2 TOPIC 7: FORMULA BONDING AND NOMENCLATURE | CHEMISTRY FORM 2 Valence and Chemical Formulae The Concept of Valence Explain the concept of valence Valency is the capacity of an atom to combine with one or more atoms to form a molecule or compound. Valency also … Read more
TOPIC 6: PERIODIC CLASSIFICATION | CHEMISTRY FORM 2 TOPIC 6: PERIODIC CLASSIFICATION | CHEMISTRY FORM 2 Constructing the modern periodic table has been a major scientific achievement. The first steps towards working out this table were taken long before anyone had any idea about the structure of atoms. The number of elements discovered increased steadily … Read more
TOPIC 5: ATOMIC STRUCTURE | CHEMISTRY FORM 2 TOPIC 5: ATOMIC STRUCTURE | CHEMISTRY FORM 2 The Atom We learned early that matter is made up of small, indivisible particles. Everything around us is made of extremely small particles. These particles are either molecules or atoms. An atom is the smallest indivisible particle of an … Read more
TOPIC 4: FUEL AND ENERGY | CHEMISTRY FORM 2 TOPIC 4: FUEL AND ENERGY | CHEMISTRY FORM 2 A fuel is a substance that can be combusted or burnt to release energy as a byproduct. The energy can be in the form of heat, light, electricity, sound etc. This energy can be harnessed to power … Read more
TOPIC 3: WATER | CHEMISTRY FORM 2 TOPIC 3: WATER | CHEMISTRY FORM 2 Occurrence and Nature of Water The Occurrence and Nature of Water Describe the occurrence and nature of water Water is the most abundant liquid in nature. It is a compound of hydrogen and oxygen. It occurs on land as seas, oceans, … Read more
TOPIC 2: HYDROGEN | CHEMISTRY FORM 1 TOPIC 2: HYDROGEN | CHEMISTRY FORM 1 Hydrogen is the lightest of all the elements. There is very little hydrogen in the earth’s atmosphere. Hydrogen is so light that its molecules are not held by the earth’s gravity and they diffuse into space. Overall, it is the most … Read more
TOPIC 1: OXYGEN | CHEMISTRY FORM 2 TOPIC 1: OXYGEN | CHEMISTRY FORM 2 Oxygen exists in air to an extent of 21% by volume (or 23% by weight). It is the most abundant element on earth, accounting for ½ the total mass of the earth’s crust. Oxygen is mainly found in combined states as … Read more