TRANSPORTATION OF MINERALS OF LIVING THINGS
TOPIC 4: TRANSPORTATION OF MINERALS OF LIVING THINGS | BIOLOGY FORM 2
The Concept of Gaseous Exchange
TRANSPORTATION OF MINERALS OF LIVING THINGS
ORGANISM | RESPIRATORY SURFACE |
Amoeba | Cell membrane |
Insects | Tracheal system |
Spider | Book lung |
Fish | Gills |
Plants | Leaves, stems, roots |
Amphibians | Skin, gills and lungs |
Mammals | Lungs |
Birds | Lungs |
reptiles | Lungs |
They are thin to reduce diffusion distance
They are moist to dissolve gaseous so that they dissolve and diffuse in solution form
They are highly braced, folded or flattened in order to increase the surface area for gaseous exchange
TRANSPORTATION OF MINERALS OF LIVING THINGS
They are close to efficient transport and exchange easily by the cells
They are well ventilated so that gaseous passes easily
The Concept of Gaseous Exchange
are passed through the respiratory surface.
specialized organs for gaseous exchange.
TRANSPORTATION OF MINERALS OF LIVING THINGS
through a process of diffusion.
TRANSPORTATION OF MINERALS OF LIVING THINGS
PNEUMONIA
BRONCHITIS
ASTHMA
LUNG CANCER
EMPHYSEMA
TUBERCULOSIS
TRANSPORTATION OF MINERALS OF LIVING THINGS
is inflammation of the lung. It is caused by bacteria, viruses, fungi
or by inhaling chemical toxins or irritants. Pneumonia is normally
followed by other illnesses such as cold or flu.
Fever
Chills
TRANSPORTATION OF MINERALS OF LIVING THINGS
Shortness of breath associated with pain
Increase of mucus production
Cough
Staying warm
Avoiding overcrowded areas
Avoiding cold food and drinks, hot drinks are preferred more as they loosen secretions
TRANSPORTATION OF MINERALS OF LIVING THINGS
Get treatment as early as possible since it is curable by antibiotics
viruses and inhaling of irritating substances can cause the lining of
the respiratory system to become inflamed.
called bronchitis.
TRANSPORTATION OF MINERALS OF LIVING THINGS
Pain in the chest
Rapid breathing
Fever
Coughing
TRANSPORTATION OF MINERALS OF LIVING THINGS
Headache
Coughing with the production of thick sputum
Breathing difficulties
Avoiding smoking
Avoid very smoky or dusty areas
TRANSPORTATION OF MINERALS OF LIVING THINGS
Live in a well-ventilated house
Keep your body warm
Seek medical help
is characterized by inflamed and constricted airways. The narrowing of
the airways restricts the flow of air into the lungs.
TRANSPORTATION OF MINERALS OF LIVING THINGS
Allergic reactions to dust, pollen, spores or animal fur
Herediroty diseases of the respiratory system
Extremely cold weather
Frequent viral or bacteria lung infection
Narrowing of bronchioles resulting in breathing difficulties and a wheezing or hissing sound when breathing
Coughing
Shortness of breath
TRANSPORTATION OF MINERALS OF LIVING THINGS
Excessive production of mucus
Dilation of blood vessels leading to low blood pressure, low blood pressure can be fatal
Chest tightness
Avoid allergens (things that cause allergenic reaction)
Get treatment for respiratory infections as early as possible
Keep the body warm
Muscle relaxants in the form of sprays, pills and injections are used to prevent the narrowing of bronchitis
main cause of lung cancer is smoking.
TRANSPORTATION OF MINERALS OF LIVING THINGS
stops the cilia in the trachea from expelling foreign materials leading
to respiratory infection.
Chest pain
Breathing difficulty
Weight Loss
Persistent Cough
TRANSPORTATION OF MINERALS OF LIVING THINGS
Abnormal Production of Mucus
Stop smoking
There is no cure for cancer. However chemotherapy and physiotherapy are used to control the disease
is a lung disease, which results from destruction of the structure
supporting the alveoli leading to these collapse.
TRANSPORTATION OF MINERALS OF LIVING THINGS
reduces the surface area available for gaseous exchange.
Mainly cigarette smoke
Air pollution
Hereditary
Old age
Shortness of breath
Coughing
Obstructive lung disease
Difficulties when breathing especially during exercise
Wheezing during breathing
Avoid cigarette smoking and exposure to smoke
Lung surgery is usually done to relieve the symptoms
TRANSPORTATION OF MINERALS OF LIVING THINGS
Use of medical drugs
In severe cases, lung transplant is necessary
Tuberculosis
is highly infections disease.
The causal organism for TB is one of the
strains of bacteria belonging to the Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
TRANSPORTATION OF MINERALS OF LIVING THINGS
Tuberculosis can be spread from one person to another person, when the
bacteria become airborne.
Cough
Fever
Weight Loss
Loss of appetite
is the most common opportunistic infection associated with HIV
worldwide.
TRANSPORTATION OF MINERALS OF LIVING THINGS
that predominantly affects the lungs, but it can spread through the
blood and lymph nodes to the rest of the body in people with HIV.
disease can strike people with HIV no matter what the level of the CD4
count, which means that TB can often occur years before other problems
associated with HIV develop.
is the most common opportunistic infection that occurs with AIDS the
fungus that causes the PCP infection is spread through breathing or
coughing.
TRANSPORTATION OF MINERALS OF LIVING THINGS
weight.
is caused by fungus and it is the most common central nervous system
infection associated with HIV.
membranes and fluid surrounding the brain and spinal cord.