TOPIC 1: CLASSIFICATION OF LIVING THINGS | BIOLOGY FORM 1
CLASSIFICATION OF LIVING THINGS
TOPIC 1: CLASSIFICATION OF LIVING THINGS | BIOLOGY FORM 1
Kingdom Fungi
Member of the kingdom Fungi include fairly familiar organisms such asmushrooms, toadstools and bracket fungi.
There are also less obvious but veryimportant members such as mold, which grow on bread, ripe fruits and otherfood.
Fungi are found in damp or wet places
They have eukaryotic cells with a rigid protective wall made of chiti
They are heterotrophs, some are saprophytic where others are parasitic
They store food as glycogen
They reproduce using spore
They are non-mobile
They have chitin in their cell wall
They have septate
Ascomycota
Zygomycota
Basidiomycota
are also called sae fungi.
calledasei.
are bakers’yeast, cup fungi and ringworm fungi.
Their cell wall is not made by chitin but cetin polysaccharide component of phosphoric acid
Have granulated cytoplasm
Store food in form of glycogen
Reproduce asexually by budding and sexually by means of ascospores.
Reproduce sexually by means of ascospores
are small, softplantscalledbryophytes, that are typically 1–10 cm
(0.4–4 in) tall, though some species are much larger.
close together in clumps or mats in damp or shady locations.
not haveflowersorseeds, and their simple leaves cover the thin wiry
stems.
as beak-like capsules borne aloft on thin stalks.
the advantage side, it can help to hold thebonsai soilin place and
prevent it from washing out of the container.
water retention capability of the soil by slowingevaporation.
the disadvantage side, a thick carpet of moss can reduce the diffusion
of gases into the soil and to theroots, which can result inroot
rotorpoor drainageconditions.
CLASSIFICATION OF LIVING THINGS
rootsandtrunkof your bonsai, and soften theirbark, promoting its decay.
Filicinophyta
CLASSIFICATION OF LIVING THINGS
division was formerly called Pteridophyta.
includes a group ofprimitive vascular plants.
these plants is a sporophyte. It showsdifferentiation into true roots,
stems and leaves.
larger.
CLASSIFICATION OF LIVING THINGS
plant body.
Reproduction
involves production of spores inside special structures called
sporangiawhich occur on the underside of the leaves called sporophylls.
CLASSIFICATION OF LIVING THINGS
Sprangia may sometimesbe found in groups called sori.
The plants
may be homosporous – producing only one type of spore or heterosporous
-producing two different types of spores; smaller microspores and larger
megaspores.
They are seedless vascular plants, which contain vascular tissues but do not produceseeds.
The Structure of Ferns
CLASSIFICATION OF LIVING THINGS
are intermediate in complexity between the more primitive bryophytes
(mosses, liverworts,and hornworts) and the more advanced seed plants.
seeds.
theirleaves.
for efficient transport of waterand food.
technically as megaphylls, with a complex system ofbranched veins.
CLASSIFICATION OF LIVING THINGS
frond is the “leaf” of a fern. It is divided into two main parts, the
stipe (leaf stalk or petiole)and the blade (the leafy expanded portion
of the frond).
would be comparable to “stems” in the flowering plants.
from therhizome.
CLASSIFICATION OF LIVING THINGS
in terrestrial creeping ferns therhizome roams widely and is quite
visible.
rhizome contains the conducting tissues (xylem and phloem) and the
strengthening tissues(sclerenchyma fibres).
as the vascular bundle, carries the water,minerals, and nutrients
throughout the plant.
CLASSIFICATION OF LIVING THINGS
are formed from the rhizomes or sometimes from the stipe.
usually do not divideonce they grow from the rhizome.
grow down from the crown and help thickenand strengthen the trunk.
roots anchor the plant to the ground and absorb water and minerals.
CLASSIFICATION OF LIVING THINGS
sporangia are the reproductive structures of the ferns and fern allies.
propagated. Several sporangia groupedtogether are called a sorus.
ferns have their sporangia on the underside of the frond,arranged in an
organized pattern usually associated with veins in the pinnule (leaf).
CLASSIFICATION OF LIVING THINGS
the sorus called an indusium.
“seeds” of the ferns and fern allies are called spores.
are formed in groups offour.
CLASSIFICATION OF LIVING THINGS
chlorophyll in their nucleus.
CLASSIFICATION OF LIVING THINGS
Some ferns are edible and hence serve as a source of food.
They provide nutrients to the soil to improve soil fertility.
They cover the soil and prevent soil erosion.
They are used as decoration materials.
They harbour dangerous organisms like snakes and insects.
Some ferns are poisonous when eaten.
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